Zhang H, Xu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y (2014) Pressure oxidative leaching of Indian chromite ore in concentrated NaOH solution. Kim E, Spooren J, Broos K, Nielsen P, Horckmans L, Vrancken KC, Quaghebeur M (2016) New method for selective Cr recovery from stainless steel slag by NaOCl assisted alkaline leaching and consecutive BaCrO 4 precipitation. Xue Y, Zheng S, Du H, Zhang Y, Jin W (2017) Cr(III)-induced electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the V 2 O 3 dissolution in alkaline media. Kim E, Spooren J, Broos K, Horckmans L, Quaghebeur M, Vrancken KC (2015) Selective recovery of Cr from stainless steel slag by alkaline roasting followed by water leaching. Yu K, Chen B, Zhang H, Zhu G, Xu H, Zhang Y (2016) An efficient method of chromium extraction from chromium-containing slag with a high silicon content. Jing X, Wang J, Cao H, Ning P, Wang Q (2017) Extraction of V(V) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution using primary amine extractants: extraction mechanism and oxidation of extractants. Peng H, Liu Z, Tao C (2016) Leaching kinetics of vanadium with electro-oxidation and H 2O 2 in alkaline medium. Xue Y, Zheng S, Sun Z, Zhang Y, Jin W (2017) Alkaline electrochemical advanced oxidation process for chromium oxidation at graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Jin YZ, Liu CH, Liu DL, Huang B (2013) Preparing WC-Co-Cr3C2-VC nanocomposite powders from precursors. Steffy DA, Nichols AC, Morgan LJ, Gibbs R (2013) Evidence that the deepwater horizon oil spill caused a change in the nickel, chromium, and lead average seasonal concentrations occurring in sea bottom sediment collected from the eastern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf between the years 20. Wessel C, Dronskowski R (2013) A first-principles study on chromium sesquioxide, Cr2O3. The experimental results were summarized in Fig. The effect of reaction time on the oxidation process was preferentially examined under the following conditions: SPTCr of 13.2 g/g, reaction temperature of 90 ☌, and initial concentration of Cr(III) of 20 g/L. Therefore, high reaction temperature was an essential condition during the oxidation process. It was up to 100% when temperature was 90 ☌ or above. The percentage of Cr(VI) in the solution was increased with the increase of reaction temperature. Results indicated that \(\) and the reaction reacted in the solution followed by Eqs. ( 10) and ( 11). The effect of parameters including dosage of sodium persulfate, acid concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on the oxidation process were investigated. In this paper, we investigated the oxidation process of chromium(III) (Cr(III)) with sodium persulfate (Na 2S 2O 8). Ī reaction mechanism has been postulated which accounts for the observed para substitution featuring the tautomeric para carbanion of the starting phenolate ion: It begins with nucleophilic displacement on the peroxide oxygen of the peroxodisulfate (peroxydisulfate) ion, to give an intermediate sulfate group ( 3), which is then hydrolyzed to the hydroxyl group.Sulfate radical had attracted much more attention due to its high efficiency for removal and hazard-free treatment of organic pollutant. Despite this, the Elbs reaction remains generally useful in a research setting, as it is simple to perform and is tolerant of a wide range of other functional groups, which are not oxidised under these conditions. It is suggested that the phenol in many cases is a catalyst converting the persulfate into a sulfate. The reaction is disadvantaged by moderate to low chemical yields with recovery of starting material and complete consumption of the persulfate. The reaction is generally performed in water at room temperatures or below, using equimolar quantities of reagents. The Elbs persulfate oxidation is the organic reaction of phenols with alkaline potassium persulfate to form para-diphenols.
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